A competent optician requires a basic understanding of the anatomy of the human eye,
how it works, and what conditions or vision abnormalities might occur which may require
his/her services. With this knowledge he may interact more confidently with his patients
and the prescribing practitioner as well.

This course begins with an overview of the eye as an optical system as we survey its
transparent and non-transparent structures. We follow a ray of light as it passes through
the cornea, the aqueous humor, the pupil, crystalline lens and the vitreous humor on its
way to the retina.

The course continues with a discussion of the refractive states of the eye which
include emmetropia and the various ametropias such as myopia, hyperopia and regular
astigmatism.

The optical cross is a graphical device which can be useful in illustrating the powers
of the front and back surfaces of a lens in order to arrive at its total power. With this
information a professional optician can read a prescription and identify which ametropia it
is designed to correct as well as identify the meridians of maximum and minimum lens
thickness.